February 10, 2025 at 9:00 AM
Thousands of enslaved and free Black Americans risked the dangerous journey to Upper Canada (now Ontario) in the 19th century to escape the atrocities of slavery in the United States. Many found freedom through the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses established by people of various faiths and races committed to justice and equality. Canada, where slavery was not legal, became a sanctuary and a new beginning for many.
Throughout Black History Month, we invite you on a journey to explore the incredible Black activists, important monuments, churches, and settlements across Ontario. Stay tuned for both virtual and in-person events that will offer deeper insights into this rich history.
WHY DO WE CELEBRATE BLACK HISTORY MONTH IN FEBRUARY?
Black History Month is celebrated in February in recognition of two influential figures in the fight against slavery: Frederick Douglass (born February 14, 1818) and Abraham Lincoln (born February 12, 1809). These two leaders were honored by Black communities as early as the 19th century for their roles in the abolition of slavery. Additionally, on February 2, 1862, the District of Columbia abolished slavery, marking another significant milestone in the fight for freedom.
In 1914, Ernest Everett Just, a Black genetic biologist, was awarded the Spingarn Medal—an annual award given by the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) to recognize the achievements of African Americans.
In Canada, Black History Month was officially recognized in 1995, when Jean Augustine, the first Black woman elected to Parliament, introduced a motion to recognize the contributions of Black Canadians. The motion was passed unanimously, cementing February as a time to honor and reflect on Black history.
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD: JOURNEY TO FREEDOM
We begin our journey in Windsor, Ontario, a major entry point for freedom seekers who crossed the Detroit River to escape slavery in the U.S.
THE TOWER OF FREEDOM – SCULPTOR: ED DWIGHT
This monument honors the enslaved African Americans who sought freedom through the Underground Railroad. It is a two-part installation, with one monument in Windsor and the other in Detroit. Standing 22 feet high, the monuments face each other across the river, symbolizing the final stops on the road to liberty.
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Location (Windsor): 200 Pitt St E, Windsor, ON
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Location (Detroit): International Memorial to the Underground Railroad, Detroit Riverwalk, Hart Plaza
JOHN FREEMAN WALLS HISTORIC SITE AND UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
This site is a powerful testament to the resilience of freedom seekers. It is family-owned and operated, with descendants of John Freeman Walls serving as tour guides. The site features a cabin built in 1846 by Walls, a formerly enslaved man who fled to Canada with his wife, Jane King Walls. Today, their family cemetery remains on the property as a lasting tribute.
John Freeman Walls' story is unique. He became close friends with his former slave owner’s son, Daniel Walls, who, on his deathbed, freed John and entrusted Jane and their child to his care. In 1845, John and Jane fled oppression in the U.S. and made their way to Detroit, Michigan, before finally settling in Canada. Their journey highlights the struggles and triumphs of interracial couples seeking freedom and dignity.
AMHERSTBURG FREEDOM MUSEUM
Formerly known as The Black Historical Museum, this non-profit, community-based museum tells the story of African Canadian history and contributions. Founded in 1975 by local residents, it preserves artifacts and stories of those who arrived in Canada as refugees from slavery.
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Address: 277 King St, Amherstburg, ON
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Website
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Features: NAZREY African Methodist Episcopal Church, Taylor Log Cabin
SANDWICH FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH
Founded by formerly enslaved individuals, Sandwich First Baptist Church played a vital role in the Underground Railroad and remains a symbol of faith and resilience.
HONORING THE LEGACY
These landmarks and stories are just a glimpse into the incredible history of Black Canadians and their fight for freedom. We encourage you to visit these sites, engage with their history, and celebrate the rich cultural heritage of Black communities in Canada. Stay connected for more events and stories throughout Black History Month.
Posted by the Unifor Local 2002 BIWOC Committee
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25-02-10 BHM Editorial by Yolanda Cornwall EN